Construction of four double gene substitution human × bovine rotavirus reassortant vaccine candidates: Each bears two outer capsid human rotavirus genes, one encoding P serotype 1A and the other encoding G serotype 1, 2, 3, or 4 specificity

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Hoshino ◽  
Ronald W. Jones ◽  
Robert M. Chanock ◽  
Albert Z. Kapikian
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Gene Substitution ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Outer Capsid

scholarly journals Characterization of human rotavirus strains causing gastroenteritis in Kenya

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gatheru ◽  
N. Kobayashi ◽  
N. Adachi ◽  
S. Chiba ◽  
J. Muli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Specificity ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Serotype 1

SUMMARYHuman rotavirus strains from Kenya, from children with gastroenteritis in an urban area (Nairobi) and three rural areas were characterized by antigenic and genomic analysis. While in all areas strains with subgroups II and G serotype 1 antigens were most common, two unusual strains were detected. One strain (NK59: subgroup II. G serotype 4) possessed an additional RNA band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the other (D202) which had antigenic specificity of subgroup II and G serotype 1 showed a ‘short’ RNA pattern. The latter strain was adapted to growth in cell culture.

Protection Studies in Colostrum-Deprived Piglets of a Bovine Rotavirus Vaccine Candidate Using Human Rotavirus Strains for Challenge

1983 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zissis ◽  
J. P. Lambert ◽  
P. Marbebant ◽  
D. Marissens ◽  
M. Lobmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Human Rotavirus

scholarly journals Two out of the 11 genes of an unusual human G6P[6] rotavirus isolate are of bovine origin

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 2630-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle Matthijnssens ◽  
Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Marc Van Ranst
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Molecular Origin ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Vp7 Gene

In 2003, we described the first human G6P[6] rotavirus strain (B1711). To investigate further the molecular origin of this strain and to determine the possible reassortments leading to this new gene constellation, the complete genome of strain B1711 was sequenced. SimPlot analyses were conducted to compare strain B1711 with other known rotavirus gene segments, and phylogenetic dendrograms were constructed to analyse the origin of the eleven genome segments of strain B1711. Our analysis indicated that strain B1711 acquired its VP1-, VP2-, VP4-, VP6- and NSP1–5-encoding gene segments from human DS-1-like P[6] rotavirus strains, and its VP3 and VP7 gene segments from a bovine rotavirus strain through reassortment. The introduction of animal–human reassortant strains, which might arise in either of the hosts, into the human rotavirus population is an important mechanism for the generation of rotavirus diversity, and might be a challenge for the current rotavirus vaccines and vaccines under development.

scholarly journals Assessment of Live Candidate Vaccines for Paratuberculosis in Animal Models and Macrophages

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M. Scandurra ◽  
Geoffrey W. de Lisle ◽  
Sonia M. Cavaignac ◽  
May Young ◽  
R. Pamela Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Allelic Exchange ◽  
Potential Vaccine

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic enteritis of ruminants. To control the considerable economic effect that paratuberculosis has on the livestock industry, a vaccine that induces protection with minimal side effects is required. We employed transposon mutagenesis and allelic exchange to develop three potential vaccine candidates, which were then tested for virulence with macrophages, mice, and goats. All three models identified the WAg906 mutant as being the most attenuated, but some differences in the levels of attenuation were evident among the models when testing the other strains. In a preliminary mouse vaccine experiment, limited protection was induced by WAg915, as evidenced by a reduced bacterial load in spleens and livers 12 weeks following intraperitoneal challenge with M. paratuberculosis K10. While we found macrophages and murine models to be rapid and cost-effective alternatives for the initial screening of M. paratuberculosis mutants for attenuation, it appears necessary to do the definitive assessment of attenuation with a ruminant model.

scholarly journals Molecular basis of reovirus virulence. Role of the M2 gene.

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
D H Rubin ◽  
B N Fields
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Genome Segment ◽  
Dsrna Segment ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Dsrna Genome ◽  
Outer Capsid

The mammalian reoviruses (serotype 1, strain Lang and serotype 3, strain Dearing) differ in their sensitivity to digestion by chymotrypsin. We have found that the M2 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome segment (encoding the micro1C outer capsid polypeptide) is responsible for this property. In addition to determining response to protease treatement in vitro, we have found that the M2 genome segment also determines the ability of these two viruses successfully to initiate local and systemic infection in newborn mice after peroral inoculation. Thus the M2 dsRNA segment defines a new virulence gene of the mammalian reoviruses.

scholarly journals Comparison of Four SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Lydia Riepler ◽  
Annika Rössler ◽  
Albert Falch ◽  
André Volland ◽  
Wegene Borena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Neutralizing antibodies are a major correlate of protection for many viruses including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Thus, vaccine candidates should potently induce neutralizing antibodies to render effective protection from infection. A variety of in vitro assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies has been described. However, validation of the different assays against each other is important to allow comparison of different studies. Here, we compared four different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays using the same set of patient samples. Two assays used replication competent SARS-CoV-2, a focus forming assay and a TCID50-based assay, while the other two assays used replication defective lentiviral or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based particles pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spike. All assays were robust and produced highly reproducible neutralization titers. Titers of neutralizing antibodies correlated well between the different assays and with the titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein binding antibodies detected in an ELISA. Our study showed that commonly used SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays are robust and that results obtained with different assays are comparable.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of an Unusual Human G10P[8] Rotavirus Detected in Vietnam

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 10236-10237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Matsushima ◽  
Etsuko Nakajima ◽  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Hideaki Shimizu ◽  
Atsuko Kano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Human Viruses

A rare human G10P[8] rotavirus with a reassortment between bovine and human viruses was detected from a patient with acute gastroenteritis in Vietnam. Genetic analysis using complete coding sequences of all segments showed a genomic constellation of this virus of G10-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. Its VP7 region was genetically related to that of a bovine rotavirus derived from Australia (strain VICG10.01), whereas all other genes were identical to those of a human rotavirus derived from Australia (strain Victoria/CK00047). These results indicate a possibility that the reassortment of the rotavirus was caused by immune escape in Australia and the rotavirus was carried to Vietnam. Additionally, this finding will help further understanding the evolution of rotaviruses circulating in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Immunogenetic and structural analysis of a class of HCV broadly neutralizing antibodies and their precursors

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (29) ◽  
pp. 7569-7574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Aleman ◽  
Netanel Tzarum ◽  
Leopold Kong ◽  
Kenna Nagy ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Antigenic Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Rational Vaccine Design ◽  
Hairpin Conformation

Elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a leading strategy in rational vaccine design against antigenically diverse pathogens. Here, we studied a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from mice immunized with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1E2. Six of the mAbs recognize the conserved E2 antigenic site 412–423 (AS412) and cross-neutralize diverse HCV genotypes. Immunogenetic and structural analysis revealed that the antibodies originated from two different germline (GL) precursors and bind AS412 in a β-hairpin conformation. Intriguingly, the anti-HCV activity of one antibody lineage is associated with maturation of the light chain (LC), whereas the other lineage is dependent on heavy-chain (HC) maturation. Crystal structures of GL precursors of the LC-dependent lineage in complex with AS412 offer critical insights into the maturation process of bnAbs to HCV, providing a scientific foundation for utilizing the mouse model to study AS412-targeting vaccine candidates.

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